Business Intelligence, Analytics, And Supply Chain Management

Abstract: The amount of data available to suppliers has increased over the last several years. Business intelligence is a becoming a larger influence on the profitability of organizations and is affecting their supply chain management. Until recently, there has been little clarity into the relationship between business intelligence, analytics and supply chain management, but with the shift in information technology, organizations can now collect and organize information more clearly. Technologies like the cloud and Software-as-a-Service (SaaS) have increased efficiencies in the supply chain and allowed companies to find cost saving opportunities through analytics. The cloud enabled companies and suppliers to share data on one network†¦show more content†¦Until recently, academics and practitioners have had little clarity into the relationship between business intelligence, analytics and supply chain management, but with the shift in information technology, organizations can now collect and organize information more clearly. The ability to effectively analyze this new information has made supply chain management more efficient and uniform across different industries. Over the past decade, Big Data and analytics have come to play a major role in supply chain management with the increasing pressure to find ways to be more efficient and cost effective. Scholastic journals and peer reviews continue to iterate several themes between supply chain management, Big Data and analytics, and business intelligence. The theme that was shown throughout most of the journals researched is consolidating and standardizing data across suppliers leads to greater transparency and performance. Other major themes repeated throughout the articles were business intelligence leads to more opportunities for cost and service improvements, and the more data that is clean, timely, and in the desired forecast, the more productive analytics will be. Many also discussed the effective methods and technologies used to facilitate change in supply chain management to attain a more integrated supply chain, and performance measurements that have been used internally to handle changing supply chains. Many

Ethics and Professionalism in Accounting Free Essays

AC 216 – Ethics and Professionalism in Accounting Exam #1 Name SOLUTIONS Part I. Multiple Choice (2 pts each, 40 pts total) Instructions: Select the one best answer to each question. 1. We will write a custom essay sample on Ethics and Professionalism in Accounting or any similar topic only for you Order Now The insufficient anchor adjustment cognitive bias refers to: a. placing too much significance on the average value. b. placing significance on an erroneous prior value. c. overconfidence in one’s decision based on insufficient information. d. placing too much significance on a value which is the hardest to recall. 2. Which of the following characteristics typifies a complicated environment? . good practice. b. process reengineering. c. exclusive use of experts. d. best practice. â€Å"c† arguably makes sense but the word â€Å"exclusive† makes it less than the best answer. 3. Which of the following statements is correct: a. Problems can be universally agreed upon, while issues are subject to greater depth of debate. b. Problems and issues are both always universally agreed upon. c. Issues can be universally agreed upon, while problems are subject to greater depth of debate. d. Problems are exactly the same as issues. 4. Deciding whether to use strawberry or grape jam on one’s sandwich is: a. not a moral issue because no real decision needs to be made. b. a moral issue because a choice between alternatives is required. c. not a moral issue because no component of harm exists. d. a moral issue because consequences are important. 5. Ksenia believes that success is under her own control. She most likely has a/an: a. high internal locus of control b. high external locus of control c. high locus of control d. a lack of locus of control 6. Kohlberg’s theories on ethical awareness state that: . differing levels of ethical awareness exist. b. locus of control determines one’s level of ethical awareness. c. most individuals reach a â€Å"stage 3† level of ethical awareness. d. both A and C are correct. 7. Which of the following statements regarding Trevino’s eight steps to ethical decision making are incorrect? a. The framework starts off with mechanical steps followed by pe rsonal ones. b. Identification of stakeholders and weighing alternatives are two separate steps. c. In real life decision making, not all eight steps are always followed. d. The role of intuition is not considered. 8. Which of the following ethical approaches is considered to be a mixed framework? a. Kant ethics. b. Sidgwick’s dualism. c. Love ethic. d. Existentialism. 9. The Existentialism approach is similar to the egoism approach in what regard? a. Both are teleological approaches. b. Both are deontological approaches. c. Both have a narrow individual focus. d. Both balance individual and group considerations. 10. Which of the following statements is correct? a. Business ethics deals exclusively with the theory behind right and wrong. b. Business ethics deals with the application of standards of right and wrong. c. Ethics and law are synonymous. d. Ethics and morality are exactly the same since both deal with application of right and wrong. 11. Which of the following describes law and ethics. a. They are exactly the same. b. Some legal actions may not be ethical. c. All ethical actions are also legal. d. All legal actions are also ethical. 12. According to the textbook and class discussion, U. S. Federal Sentencing Guidelines: a. Treat all firms equally despite their attempts to act ethically. b. Increase the severity of penalties for firms that tried to act ethically but failed to do so. c. Attempt to reduce the severity of penalties when a firm has tried to act ethically. d. Treat misconduct as a clear cut matter of right or wrong. 13. The argument for extreme ethical relativism fails because: a. It is illogical. b. It advocates a consequentialist decision making framework. c. It advocates a mixed framework approach. d. Both A and C are correct. 14. Ethical conduct depends largely on: a. Good decision making. b. Practical application of standards of right and wrong. . Making decisions when not all facts are known. d. All of the above. 15. Which of the following best typify’s a Contractarian Ethics approach? a. Treating like cases in a consistent and fair manner. b. Focusing on overall collective benefit for society. c. Balancing just actions for individuals only. d. Everyone should look out for themselves only. In this way, overall society benefits. 16. A set of prac tices, for polite society, common to a particular group is called: a. etiquette. b. custom. c. law. d. professionalism. 17. According to Jim Collins great companies focus on: a. Short-term goals only. b. Long-term goals only. c. Both short and long term goals. d. Neither short nor long term goals. 18. Intuitionalism: a. is a mixed framework. b. emphasizes rules and exceptions to the rule. c. a deontological framework. d. Both â€Å"a† and â€Å"b† 19. Which of the following is correct regarding the definitions of the following terms? | |Morality |Ethics | |a. |Theoretical |Practical | |b. |Practical |Theoretical | |c. Theoretical |Theoretical | |d. |Practical |Practical | 20. Which of the following statements regarding business ethics is incorrect? a. The mechanics of thinking and decision making are key components. b. Use of different approaches and frameworks always yields the same decision since there is always a best option. c. Decisions often need to be made when all facts are not known. d. Just because more than one option exists, it does not mean that all options are acceptable. Part II. Essay (20 points each; 60 points total) Prepare a proper essay response to all three of the questions appearing below. 1. Define the notion of an â€Å"ethical dilemma. † What tests are available which help to indicate the presence of an â€Å"ethical dilemma? † 2. If you had to choose just one of the philosophical approaches discussed in this chapter to guide your decision making, which would you choose? Why? Or, if you had to rank them from most to least helpful, how would you rank them? 3. Citing an example to help illustrate your point, define and apply the 8 steps recommended in ethical decision making as discussed by Trevino. How to cite Ethics and Professionalism in Accounting, Essay examples

Dead Poets Society John Keating Essay Example For Students

Dead Poets Society John Keating Essay I deeply remember the English teacher He Is really a great teacher. HIS new teaching method brought vitality Mr.. Keating. To the old school. I still remember that he said, Even though It may seem sill or wrong, you may try. I wont forget he made the students tear some pages of their books on which he thought what the author said was wrong. He told the students that, Now when you read, dont just consider what the author thinks, consider what you think. Boys, you must strive to find your own voice. I wont forget that he stood on the desk ,Why do I stand here? To feel taller than you? I stand on my desk to remind myself that we must constantly force ourselves to look at things in a different way. The world looks different from up here. If you dont believe it, stand up here and try it. All of you, take turns. I wont forget at the end of the movie the students who love him so much that they dont want him to leave stood on their desks, called him, Oh, captain, my captain! The death of Neil make me feel sorrow. His father loved him, but not In the right way. If he could listen and understand the thought of Nell, maybe the tragedy wont happen. It Is Mr.. Keating who teaches the students to follow their dreams and to be creative and Individual. We really need teachers Like Mr.. Keating. I know from him that it is important to stand ones ground no matter how hard it may be. l went to the woods because I wanted to live deliberately I wanted to live deep and suck out all the marrow of life To put to rout all that was not life And not when I came to die, discover that I had not lived This story takes place in 1959 at Walton School, a prep school for boys. John Keating, a former student at the school, begins working in the school as an English teacher. With his unique teaching methods he inspires his students to be themselves, and act like individuals. He teaches them to think for themselves and to Baize the day. ; With the boys having a new way of viewing life, they follow there thoughts, and form a new Dead Poets Society, Mr.. Keating classes drew a lot of attention from the administration. Eventually Nell commits culled, and the school Investigates Into why this happened. The boys were then intimidated into saying that Mr.. Keating was a bad influence to Neil, and he was forced to leave the school. MR. if, passion, E Keating, CILIUM Eating Dead Poets Society -John Keating By Nancy He is really a great teacher. His new teaching method brought vitality to the old school. I still remember that he said, Even though it may seem sill or wrong, you may try. I wont forget he made the students tear some pages of their that, Now when you read, dont Just consider what the author thinks, consider what you think. Boys, you must strive to find your own voice. I wont forget that he stood try it. All of you, take turns. I wont forget at the end of the movie the students who love him so much that they dont want him to leave stood on their desks, called him, IM, but not in the right way. If he could listen and understan d the thought of Neil, maybe the tragedy wont happen. It is Mr.. Keating who teaches the students to follow their dreams and to be creative and individual. We really need teachers like Mr.. Keating. I know from him that it is important to stand ones ground no matter how wanted to live deep and suck out all the marrow of life! A new Dead Poets Society. Mr.. Keating classes drew a lot of attention from the administration.

The Basic Argument Essay Example

The Basic Argument Paper The Basic Argument: It is now time to deal with the question of why a government should not be paternalistic. Mill argues that such legislation has the strong potential to be damaging to the society by stifling individuality and prohibiting people from having control over their own lives. Paternalistic laws will also tend to inhibit the evolution of society and social customs by mandating that people follow the currently established norms. It is certainly the case that paternalistic legislation inhibits individuality. Mill argued that individuality is of crucial importance to the health of a democratic society because without it there develops stagnation and complacency, which discourage people from becoming educated and politically involved. Paternalism also prevents the emergence of the truth concerning both scientific and social questions. A government might choose to compel all of its citizens to go to church on Sunday (or even to practice a particular religion) because they believe that it is better for those people if they do so, but such a policy is oppressive as well as deterring individuality. Such a law would certainly have been possible in the past, but society has evolved to the point where we would no longer accept such a law. This is a progression in society. Maybe a better example would be the historical government restriction on scientific inquiry that went against a state endorsed religion, this clearly had detrimental effects on social and scientific development. A contemporary example would be our laws against homosexual relationships and restrictions on homosexual marriages. We will write a custom essay sample on The Basic Argument specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Basic Argument specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Basic Argument specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Such laws are clearly paternalistic, and they inhibit the development of alternative ways of living which may turn out to be beneficial to the individuals and thus to the society. Suggested laws against smoking in private (where others arent harmed) are another modern example of paternalistic laws. b) Refinements for more difficult cases: These arguments may seem to have little to do with something like seat belt laws, and you might ask what is wrong with those kinds of laws. There are two reasons that these kinds of laws should not be passed according to Mills theory. The first reason is simply that the government has no particular interest in what I do with my own life and my own possessions, certainly no interest that compares to the overwhelming interest that I have in my own life, health, and property. I also have far more information about my own situation and the peculiar circumstances that I am in at any given time. So, it would seem to be reasonable that the government would trust my judgment about what it is best for me to do in matters which involve only my own interests. (The government might reasonably try to convince me that what I am doing is a mistake by means of advertising and education, but this is very different from government compulsion. ) So, I should be trusted to judge when it is reasonable to wear a seat belt because I am the one in a position to best make that judgment. The other response that Mill can make is that the government cannot be trusted to tell which paternalistic laws are innocuous (like seat belt laws may be) and which are harmful, so they should not be allowed to make any laws that are paternalistic. This argument is quite important. The point is that politicians are very bad at being objective about their motives and also not good at understanding or caring about the effect of legislation on the minority. Thus, they cannot be trusted to be able to determine which paternalistic laws are fair to minorities. Even if they could tell, they could not be trusted to refrain from passing oppressive laws. An analogy here is this: you can imagine that there is a surgical procedure that will have some minor beneficial effects, but that there are some people who have a very serious negative reaction to this procedure and it is not possible to tell who those people are (or even what percentage of the population will have that reaction). In such a case, it would be a bad idea to risk this procedure and it would surely be wrong to impose such a risk on someone without their consent (which is analogous because the government does not ask individuals consent when it passes laws). Clarifying the analogy: Passing a single paternalistic law is analogous to imposing this surgery on a single person because each of these things might have some good effects but each also might have some very bad effects, in each case we simply cannot tell which will happen. Thus, in neither case should we take the risk. [See part 9,b below for further explanation] 7) What constitutes harm? a) Basic answer: This is a very tricky question, and there have been very large books published which try to answer just this question. Ill do my best in a paragraph or so. Harm certainly includes most any form of physical harm (e. g., you punching me out, or you smoking near to me). It also would include most forms of financial harm (e. g. , you taking my car, or you breaking my watch), but there are certain financial harms that will certainly not be included (e. g. , me moving in next to you and lowering your property values because of my race, or me influencing people not to do business with you when I tell them that you overcharged me). The latter type of cases do harm you financially, but the real source of the financial harm is not me, it is other peoples racism and your own poor businesses practices respectively. There are also mental harms which are included (e.g. , you threatening me, or you excessively harassing me), but the standard is very strict in this area and the presumption is that a mental harm does not constitute a real instance of harm to others (e. g. , I am offended by your joke, or I am disgusted by your style of dress). There are going to be a lot of hard cases concerning this (e. g. , your offense at the nudity of me on the beach, or your financial harm when I move in next door and cut down all the trees on my property and use my back yard as a smelly compost heap). It is not clear whether these cases fall under Mills theory as involving harm to others or not. b) Harm and Political Speech: One area deserves particular note, the area of political speech. Some political demonstrations and speech can cause social unrest. The best example of this is when the Nazis wanted to march in the predominately Jewish town of Skokie, Illinois where many holocaust survivors live. Such a demonstration would certainly cause extreme mental harm to others, and would likely cause a riot which would cause severe physical harm. Mill wants to defend freedom of expression and speech, and this type of speech would certainly be protected. It can be difficult to determine the difference between political speech which will cause a riot and rabble rousing which will incite a riot (which Mill does not think should be allowed). There is also the more modern legal classification of some speech as hate speech, and Mill would probably not support the protection of this kind of speech but I am not at all clear on what the criteria for hate speech is. The point is that speech can harm others, but it is also strongly protected by Mill, so such cases are very difficult. [See On Liberty, chapter 2 for a detailed discussion.] 8) Mills refinement of the assignable obligation: Some philosophers claim that Mill abandons the simple harm-to-others principle in the latter part of On Liberty in favor of the new principle of the assignable obligation. This new principle is stated in this way by Elizabeth Rapaport: A person ought to be subject to social coercion only to prevent a violation of a distinct and assignable obligation to any other person or persons. (From the editors introduction to Mills On Liberty, quotation marks surround Mills words) a) What is a distinct and assignable obligation? A distinct and assignable obligation is where there is someone who has either a right, or a legitimate claim or expectation, which the obligated person is bound to honor. These obligations can be from a promise or contract, a social position (e. g. , spouse, parent, employee, citizen), or possibly some other source. It is important to note that not all obligations are distinct and assignable. For example, I may have a moral obligation to give to charity on occasion, but there are no specific charities that can claim that I have a distinct and assignable obligation to give them money. One has a distinct and assignable obligation only if someone else has a right that you must fulfill (even a negative right). For example, you have a negative right not to be hit by anyone, so I have a distinct and assignable obligation not to hit you. b) How this affects Mills Theory: This revision does not radically change Mills theory, it merely changes the focus from the vague idea of a harm to others, to the supposedly more precise idea of a distinct and assignable obligation. (Personally, I prefer the harm-to-others formulation, even though it is in need of extensive clarification with respect to what constitutes a harm.) 9) Connection between rights and utility: An understanding of utilitarianism is important to understand this section. I could write for pages about this, but Im going to try not to. a) Basic issue: There seems a first look to be a fundamental incompatibility between Mills political theory of rights expressed in On Liberty and Mills moral theory expressed in Utilitarianism. In On Liberty, he claims that government should never interfere with an individual, except to prevent harm to others (i. e. , never be paternalistic). But in Utilitarianism he claims that the right thing to do is whatever will maximize utility. He also admits (what would be absurd to deny), that there are some possible laws which are paternalistic, but which do actually maximize utility. These seem totally incompatible, but they are not. Take a few minute to make sure that you see the apparent incompatibility before you read on. Im totally serious, stop reading! b) Mills consistent answer: Mill recognizes that it is practically impossible to calculate utilities of citizens, so government cannot make decisions by directly applying the principles of utilitarianism (just as individuals cannot do so). Thus, government must use some other principles to rule well. They need to use principles that can be followed easily and cannot be abused (since governments have a tendency to abuse their power), and ones that will come as close as possible to maximizing utility. The harm principle is fairly easily followed, and is very difficult to abuse, so long as exceptions are not permitted to the principle. Almost all of the laws which will contribute to maximum utility will be allowed by the harm principle. The laws which might contribute to utility, but are not allowed by the harm principle, could only be passed if a government allowed exceptions to the harm principle. But since we are unable to consistently judge which paternalistic laws are harmful and which are beneficial, more harm would be done by allowing for exceptions than would be done by not allowing for any exceptions at all (including those few paternalistic laws that would contribute to utility). [See the medical analogy at the end of part G,6,b]

Westside story Essays

Westside story Essays Westside story Paper Westside story Paper Westside story takes the form of a musical. The plot works itself around the songs which are structured in each scene. There are two acts and within the acts are scenes which help to create the storyline and structure the play. As there are two scenes we could say there are two episodes, because the first act builds up the story and develops the key roles of the characters so the audience gets to know what they are like. In the first scene in act one we are immediately introduced to the two gangs. The audience find out what is happening between both gangs and the reasons why these events are happening. The first scene is structured so that it builds into both gangs having a rumble. After this scene the rest of the play is set out to revel the build up tension before a big climax at the end of both acts. There are a number of scenes within both acts. It is set in chronological order; however act two has fewer and shorter scenes compared to act one. This could be in order to build up tension and the last scene of the whole play releases this for the big final. This is shown in the scene involving Tony and Doc at the drugstore and Doc reveals to Tony that Chino has shot and killed Maria. This is a very short scene; it has created an effect on the audience because it straight to the point and it leaves the audience thinking what is Tony going to do next? As the play has taken the form of a musical. Songs and dance has obviously been included. These are used within the play and must work well to have the desired effect with the storyline for the play to work as a whole. This is shown in act one scene five when Tony is outside Marias window and they both sing, Tonight, Tonight. They are showing their true love for each other and nothing can stop them from being together. This song has been structured so that it finishes towards the end of the first act and the eventual climax of it. Another example is also in act one scene five when the Puerto Ricans sing the song, America. This fits in with the storyline because of the fact that they are immigrants who have just moved here showing their feelings and views about America and Puerto Rico. Dance is used to reflect movement and physicality. An example of this is the opening scene when the Sharks and Jets are introduced. We acted out this scene as a class. We divided ourselves into two equal groups, lined up and faced the opposite group about ten feet away from each other. We each held a pose for a few seconds and began walking around the room keeping eye contact with everyone especially those in the opposite group. Each of us had our eye one particular rival gang member, we both would eventually come together making unfriendly gestures towards each other and try and get a nasty reaction out of one another, like imitating the way one walks. After getting away from one another, each and every one of us in the whole class would suddenly hit someone, be hit or dragged by our hair by an imaginary person, but with no one physically jus imitating as if someone was really there. The sequences of the balance of dialogue, monologues and songs were factors that do effectively create the desired effect. The actions and dialogues used in the play helps to show us their background culture. For example, the Sharks; Puerto Ricans are always clicking their fingers and are always in an upright matter. This implies their status and think highly of themselves. This is also shown through dialogue, for example when Bernardo clicks his finger, all the gang follow without him having to say a word. When discussing monologues, they are spoken in both verse and song. Monologues of the characters have been structured so that they take the form of a song. Some songs involve more than one character, but whatever way the last sentence is always left with one person communicating with the audience. The structure of the play as a whole does not change very much. At the end of both acts there are major climaxes and they built up in the previous scenes. The two main scenes are at the end of each act. At the end of act one, tension has been increases slowly between the two gangs and in this scene both gangs want to end their rivalry once and for all. Also, Tony has fallen in love with Maria, sister of Bernardo, and Maria made Tony promise to not let ant fighting go ahead between both of the gangs. This keeps the audience from wondering if Tony would keep his promise to Maria or not. Both gangs meet under the highway; this provides a necessary image for the fight scene and does actually work really well. Tony does try to stop the fight, however resulting to Bernardo stabbing and killing Riff, Tonys best friend. Tony, in rage that his best friend has just been murdered accidentally, without thinking of the consequences grabs a knife and stabs Bernardo and kills him. Tony is left standing over the two bodies and screams out Marias name. This scene ends with Tony running away and then it is a blackout, end of act one. This leaves the audience on the edge of their seat wanting to know what is going to happen next. The playwright has considered the form of the play and has carefully balanced out what has happened and why. The final scene of the play is the most important of them all. The setting fits with the storyline and as it is set in a street in darkness does give the impression the story is near to an end. The audience want to know what is going to happen now. What one small character can say or do can change the whole course of the play. The scene begins with Tony screaming Chinos name. Tension is still increasing as the audience know that Chino didnt really kill Maria, as this is what Doc told Tony earlier. However, the audience still want to know how this is all going to turn out. To Tonys surprise Maria appears from the shadows and they both begin to run towards each other. Everyone in the audience think they are finally found out the truth and all can be forgiven and they are going to live happily ever after. They are wrong, to the audiences shock when Tony is running towards Maria a gunshot is fired from the shadows and Tony falls into Marias arms and eventually dies. All the characters appear and both gangs reunite and carry Tonys body out and the play is ended. The structure has been created to build up the audience for a happy ending; however the complete opposite has been made giving an unexpected shock to the audience. This is a very powerful scene and the way the scenes have been structured and set out help make tension and give satisfaction to the audience.

Bavaria Essay Research Paper Schmidt 1 Nicole

Bavaria Essay, Research Paper Schmidt 1 Nicole Schmidt Jarvinen 9 LA, period 5 16 December 2000 Bavaria# 8220 ; They are of rugged stock, but non unsmooth or sick mannered, fierce but non malicious, and they have a great shop of strength and natural character # 8221 ; ( Joseph G? rres ) . As articulated by Joseph G? rres the people of Germany are a sort and powerful race. A province whose people live this description daily are the Bavarian people of western Germany. For the Bavarian people a rich cultural heritage is an duty as there is barely another people that cherishes and actively lives its civilization like the Bavarians. This is reflected in everything from their devoted attention of the humanistic disciplines to the traditional fosterage of local imposts. As a consequence the Bavarian civilization is known for its traditions, all right nutrients, and dwellers. The three folks, the Old Bavarians, the Franconians and the Swabians differ in linguistic communication, imposts, outlook and life style. The first # 8220 ; tribe # 8221 ; is believed to hold been put together in the sixth century and are now called # 8220 ; The Old Bavarians # 8221 ; ( BSC Timeline ) . They are said to be known and loved far beyond the Bavarian frontier because of their alone qualities and work moralss. Their # 8220 ; attitudes # 8221 ; and # 8220 ; congenital feeling for music # 8221 ; do this group a friendly and fun people. Although, there lives are non ever merely merriment and games. The Old Bavarians portion Schmidt 2# 8220 ; occupations # 8221 ; and trades with the other folks like the Franconians ( Encarta Jobs ) . # 8220 ; The Franconians from the territories of Upper, Middle and Lower Franconia # 8221 ; have formed portion of the Bavarian State since the early nineteenth century ( BSC Bavarians ) . Their # 8220 ; strong community sense, organisational endowment, sunniness and adeptness of head # 8221 ; are the trademarks of this race ( BSC Bavarians ) . They are besides difficult working but non so much as the last folk the Swabians. The stating # 8220 ; No Work No Reward # 8221 ; is the best manner to depict this folk ( BSC ) . Some properties of this race are at that place inclination to minimize and their thrifty personalities. The Old Bavarians, the Franconians and the Swabians have many similarities and besides many differences but they all posses the same great love for tradition. The traditions passed down by the Bavarian people include everything from festivals to hereditary vesture. The people have frequent chances to observe throughout the twelvemonth. One such juncture is Oktoberfest which foremost took topographic point in Munich on the # 8220 ; 17th of October 1810 # 8243 ; to observe the matrimony of # 8220 ; Prince Ludwig # 8221 ; ( Nelles 24 ) . The two hebdomad festival is now held in # 8220 ; Wies # 8217 ; n # 8221 ; and is known for its # 8220 ; 45 fairground drives and 70 stables and games in entire there are around 640 attractive forces # 8221 ; ( 191 ) . Oktoberfest is non the provinces merely festival the Christmas celebrations are besides really outstanding. # 8220 ; Christkindlmarkt # 8221 ; is place of a Christmas carnival which dates back to the # 8220 ; fourteenth century # 8221 ; ( 58 ) . It is no admiration that crowds are drawn in by its # 8220 ; Gluhwein, delicious-smelling spicy bars, and inventive Christmas nowadayss # 8221 ; ( 58 ) . The carnival of Nativity cot, and dancing. Although, music and dance are a portion of every German festival but Bavaria has set aside many different yearss merely for those two humanistic disciplines. One such is the # 8220 ; Cooper # 8217 ; s Dance # 8221 ; which has been held of all time seven Schmidt3 twelvemonth since 1517 ( BSC Festivals ) . The Cooper # 8217 ; s foremost did there dance when the Black pestilence spread through Munich. It was done as an offering to God to salvage the metropolis and halt the violent death of the people. With a promise to go on the dance every seven old ages the pestilence was ended and the promise kept ( Nelles 15-16 ) . During all of these Festivals traditional vesture is worn to demo the peoples grasp to their ascendants. Though the traditional vesture is a portion of the Festivals it is besides worn to # 8220 ; church, dances, school, and sometime on the street # 8221 ; ( Wolff ) . The traditional vesture for the work forces and bo Y are called â€Å"Ladurhosen† and consist of black lacing up places, knee-socks, leather articulatio genus length trunkss, cosmetic braces, a white button up shirt, and a chapeau with a long plume widening out of it ( Wolff ) . The women’s â€Å"Schuhplattler† is a brace of black buckle places, long socks, a ankle length frock, apron, and shall ( Wolff ) . The adult females wear their hair held up tightly in either a burn, hat or braided caput wrap. All of these expect have been influenced by the people and the States history. Everything from its male monarchs to its churches have played apart. Like â€Å"Prince Ludwig’s marriage† or the â€Å"black plague† history is the base of all German traditions and nutrients ( Nelles 15, 24 ) . Last, Germans are known for their alone nutrients and drinks. The Bavarians, like all Germans, cognize how to fix everything from # 8220 ; Hirn in brauner Butter # 8221 ; ( Brains in Brown Butter ) to # 8220 ; Schokolademuscheln # 8221 ; or Chocolate Shells ( Schuler 55, 149 ) . One of the first nutrients thought of when speaking about German culinary art is sausage or wurst. There is non merely one sort or one manner to fix wurst. The favourite of the Bavarian people is # 8220 ; wesswurst or white sausage # 8221 ; ( BSC Foods ) . Schmidt 4 This dish contains # 8220 ; porc bacon, veau, lemon, onions, salt, Petroselinum crispum, white Piper nigrum and Myristica fragrans # 8221 ; ( BSC Foods ) . Another sausage dish eaten at breakfast is # 8220 ; Knapwurst # 8221 ; ( Crocker 142 ) . Knapwust is a traditional nutrient in many German places and is made with # 8220 ; beef, porc, H2O, onion, rolled oats, salt, cloves, Myristica fragrans, and Piper nigrum # 8221 ; ( 142 ) . Bavarian # 8217 ; s along with other Germans eat really stalwart bites like radishes, Spaetzle, Kartofflpuffer, and Apfelfannkuchen ( 355 ) . Bavarians besides have traditional and non traditional dishes. Some of the more traditional being gebraten Hahnchen ( Cornish biddies ) , Gugelhupf, and Zwetschgenkuchen ( 355 ) . The non-traditional nutrients are speedy and easy to fix and are eaten one the weekdays. They include Rinderrouladen, Himmel und Erde, and Stollen ( 355 ) . In shuting the Bavarian people eat a assortment of national dishes. The imposts, culinary art, and people of the Bavaria have been influenced in many ways through the old ages. This is a consequence of the people furthering local traditions and populating its alone civilization actively. Bavaria is non merely known for its traditions but besides for its strong community sense, organisational endowment, sunniness and adeptness of head. These traits belong to Bavarians thanks to their state Germany. The Germans like the Bavarians are seen as a sort and powerful race that have a strong sense for the stating # 8220 ; no work no reward # 8221 ; ( anon ) . # 8220 ; Their cosmopolite attitudes, sense of tradition and an congenital feeling for music make the race known and loved far beyond the [ German ] frontiers # 8221 ; ( anon ) . Bibliography Schmidt 5 Alta Vista. # 8220 ; Cyberspace: Translator. # 8221 ; On-line. Internet. 6 December 2000. Available: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.bable.altavista.com/ Anon. # 8220 ; Germany though Time. # 8221 ; Faces Cobblestone Publishing March 2000:12-13 Anon. # 8220 ; Germany at a Glance. # 8221 ; Faces Cobblestone Publishing March 2000:4-5. Bavarian State Chancellery. # 8220 ; Cyberspace: Bavaria. # 8221 ; On-line. Internet. 30 Nov. 2000. Available hypertext transfer protocol: //www.bayern.de/BayernInfo/geschichteE.html # kap7 Beine, Joe. # 8220 ; Cyberspace: German Roots. # 8221 ; On-line. Internet. 1998-2000. Available: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.germanroots.com/ Crocker, Betty. Betty Crocker # 8217 ; s International Cookbook. Minneapolis, Minnesota: Random House, 1980. Microsoft Encarta 96 Encyclopedia. CD-ROM. Location Unknown: Microsoft Corporation, 1995. Nelles, Gunter. Munich and Excursions to Castles Lakes and Mountains. Munchen, Germany: Gorenjski Tisk, 1995. Schuler, Elizabeth. German Cookery. New York: Crown Publishers, 1995. Wolff, Dr. Paul. Germany. Frankfurt: 1950.

Sicko by Michael Moore Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Sicko by Michael Moore - Essay Example Its runtime is 113 minutes and its language is English. The documentary is an interesting one since it comes from the directorial stint of Michael Moore who is a name unmatched globally. He has been known to producer similar movies and documentaries in the past, which have taken a gibe at the American President George W. Bush in more ways than one. At the same time, the movie turns out to be pretty entertaining as well and hence makes all the more reason for an ordinary person to watch it to know better about the prevalent healthcare regimes within United States. (Fengkov, 2007) The movie presents different facts related with this industry, which might at times look a bit biased more than anything else. The movie has a typical Michael Moore style and aims to project the different shortcomings which are present within the very system nonetheless. It contains a lot of sarcastic remarks as well as wit which suggests that he has directed his guns towards the said system as well as the American President who is running the show within the lengths and breadths of the American nation. Some people have suggested that Sicko has just touched the surface level of the problems which have haunted the very system within the country. Others are of the view that Moore should have gone much deeper than where he already has. Sicko has aimed to take a strong stance on the American drug companies and the like. Some critics suggest that he has made use of people who are in distress and portrayed them in a manner which makes them look real bad. In other words, Moore has used people with their ailments and distressing situations which are ethically wrong at the end of the day. This kind of criticism is being raised left, right and center since freedom of expression does come part and parcel with such movies and Moore must take the same in his stride in a head on manner all said and done. Sicko took two years to get completed and

Response to at least 3 students assignment postings Coursework

Response to at least 3 students assignment postings - Coursework Example The author was successful in making me accept his strategy of applying mixed method when dealing with the issue. My favorite part was the author’s admission that application of a collective strategy would be difficult because the involved parties would be holding divergent opinions whose conflict may cause inconvenience in the healthcare industry. Bennett, G. (2012), Republicans pivot quickly, turning Supreme Court loss into attack on Obama. Retrieved from http://www.palmbeachpost.com/news/news/state-regional-govt politics/republicans-pivot-quickly-turning-supreme-court-lo/nPhfn/ This article is more inclusive as it includes the American people who are the main beneficiaries of the issue (NEDARC, 2010). It was clear that the author was trying to divert from politics through involving the government instead of individual political parties. I was especially moved by the author’s attitude of staying clear of the historical background of the healthcare issue, and instead suggesting mechanisms that can be applied in improving the situation. In my opinion, the author is trying to make everybody feel responsible for making the health care plan a success. The author was successful in outlining the individual roles of all stakeholders in the health care industry (Bachmann and Barth, 2004). NEDARC (National EMSC Data Analysis Resource Center) (2010). Communication mediums. Retrieved from http://www.nedarc.org/tutorials/utilizingData/chooseCommunicatioMethods/communica ionMediums.html#Presentation In this assignment, it is clear that the author is trying to interconnect both the internal and external factors that lead to criminal recidivism. In my opinion, the three audiences; that is, the state parole board, the state bar association and the board of directors of the Exodus Transitional Community, fully represent the sources of interventions that can be applied in mitigating the causative factors (Lehman and Phelps, 2005). However, I think that the

Mr. Rogers Essay Example for Free

Mr. Rogers Essay I grew up in a community named North Miami located. My upbringing developed my core beliefs of religion, family, loyalty, compassion and honesty. It also taught me that all things worthwhile require hard work. Becoming a Neonatal Nurse through school will prove challenging and intense, but has the lifelong reward of a career that has meaning and value to me. My goal is to become a Neonatal nurse specialist to obtain professional, hands on experiences in Neonatal care units. My interest in nursing started when I was 6 years old, when I volunteered to help my aunt at the clinic she worked in as a nurse. Over the summers, I learned a lot about healthcare, nurturing, and empowerment. I also discovered through the interactions with the residents how therapeutic and comforting an encouraging smile, a friendly conversation and a helpful hand could be. I established strong relationships with several of the residents. I especially treasured my time with Charlene, a funny 56 year old resident. She showed me that helping others is one of lifes greatest gifts. For that wisdom, I will always be grateful. Eager to learn more, I shadowed my aunt during her daily rounds at a local clinic she worked in, observing her genuine care as she completed her daily routine. She proved she knew as much about the person as she did about the health concern; I was impressed by the connection she had with each of her patients. My experience took an unexpected turn about midday when I participated in the labor and delivery of a baby to a mother that was in her late 20s. As the delivery neared, I stepped away to make room for the medical team However, the mother was quick to call me back to her side asking me to help her hold her legs as she delivered. It was at that moment that I realized the connection I had made with her, even though I was a complete stranger only hours before. This experience solidified my desire to pursue nursing. Upon arriving in high school I’ve learned that I was going to be able to learn the standardize steps of taking care of my future patients on my own. It took a few minutes for me to compose myself, then I said, Okay, where do I start? As the days passed, my confidence grew with every task that I’ve completed. Training and instinct immediately took over and my adrenaline was surging. No pulse. No breathing. No responsiveness. I started chest compressions, those are the things I’ve learned in act of becoming Neonatal nurse. My upbringing and education thus far have helped define who I am, and who I would like to become. My hard work and dedication to helping others can be furthered by continuing on through high school and college where I will gain a new level of knowledge and skill that will be represented in the field in places where these are needed the most.

The Evolution of Cell Phones :: Expository Essays Research Papers

The Evolution of Cell Phones The cellular telephone, as many other current technological products, started off in the military and eventually made its way to the common consumer as a result of the high demands for such communications technologies. The concept for cellular technology was often thought to be limited to science fiction or futuristic communities. Well the future is now, and computerized technology with the help of transmitters and satellites brings nearly unlimited contact to anyone in the world. The transition of the cell phone from thought to reality was made possible by military technologies and a stress towards communications advancement. Cellular technology evolved from its early development to commercial use sometime in the late seventies as the first cell phones were expensive, appeared bulky, and was fairly inconvenient and inefficient. Currently, cell phones have become efficient, useful, and relatively inexpensive. Into the future, cell phones can only become smaller, more efficient, and g lobally renowned. Cellular phones are widely used and accepted into modern culture as one of the most popular forms of media communication. Cellular technology was actually originated in the military two years after the end of the Second World War, in 1947 (about.com). Despite many who believe that the cell phone is a relatively new product on the market, the first usage of any cellular component was very large and strictly for the use and development of the United States military. Actually, the cell phone derives from a two-way radio that uses a mobile phone type of communication of signals. Basically, the first cell phones were simply glorified mobile phones, in essence, that is what all cell phones are. The system uses many stations to divide an area into many cells. As a user moves from cell to cell, calls are transferred from base to base. Around 1968, the Federal Communications Commission, that had haltered the development of cellular broadcasts, now freed up necessary airwaves to allocate the usage of the first cell towers that acted as base stations for phone calls (about.com). This was certainly a start, but the se towers only broadcasted a couple miles in radius and there was still no device comparable to today’s cellular technology. The seventies saw the first working cellular phone components to reach the common market, although bulky, expensive, and inefficient. At a time when disco was lying in its death bed and spandex became popular as a wave of workout videos and aerobics struck the land like a pestilent plague, the demand curve met the supply curve for the commercial development of cellular technology.

How does DNA play a role in inheritance Essay

How does DNA play a role in inheritance? You receive one-half of your DNA from your mother and one-half from your father Give an example of a dominant and recessive genetic disorder. People with light eyes tend to carry recessive alleles of the major genes; people with dark eyes tend to carry dominant alleles. Give an example of an X- and Y- linked disorder. x(Hemophilia B y(color blindness) How can genetics help to predict diseases? Doctors can give you a predictive genetic test(PGT) to predict future problems. But let it be known that the test is not 100% certainty What role does a genetic counselor play in helping families with known genetic diseases? A genetic counselor play a very big important role for the patient. They are able to present complex and difficult to understand information, to both the patient and there family. They also talk to them about testing, different options, genetic risks and counseling services. What disease(s) is gene therapy currently being tested on? Hemophilia, Chronic Granulomatus Disorder(CGD), Cancer, Neurodegenerative Diseases and much more. Has gene therapy been approved in the United States? No. If gene therapy has been approved in the US, what is it being used to treat? If gene therapy has not been approved in the US, why not? Gene therapy is still in the investigative stage. The only way to get gene therapy in the US is to go through clinical trials. What are some of the safety issues associated with gene therapy? it usually has to be delivered using a carrier, called a vector. The most common gene therapy vectors are viruses because they can recognize certain cells and carry genetic material into the cells’ genes. Researchers remove the original disease-causing genes from the viruses, replacing them with the genes needed to stop disease. Unwanted immune system reaction, Targeting the wrong cells, Infection caused by the virus, Possibility of causing a tumo Do you believe that gene therapy is ethical? Why or why not? Its hard to say. For someone who needs it(a sick person), I think it’s a possiblilty.

Economics light Essay

Q1. Mention the problem? The problem of that case study is the organizational conflict i.e. every functional manager is trying to get his own interest; therefore, the working climate became disturbed. In other words, it is possible to say that it is a communication issue. Q2.What did sales managers do? The problem of the sales manager lies in focusing on getting more customers more than thinking of getting more profitable orders. Q3. What did manufacturing managers do?  The problem with the manufacturing managers consists in disordering of work steps, light color orders and dark color orders, which in turn wastes time and money. Q4. State your opinion to solve the problem? SOLUTION 1. Sales manager: He should modify the pricing policy for â€Å"rush orders† in a way that enables the company to exceed its breakeven point and get at least its profitable processing .i.e. to make a special price for rush orders. 2. Manufacturing manager: He should review the cleaning process and try to implement a more cost reducing efficient method. 3. General manager: * He should consider introducing a new machine, one for light color and the other for dark color, hence, reducing the cost of getting a new machine will be covered by eliminating the cost of cleaning and cost of time wasted. * He should ensure that the 250 workforce are aware of that every workers effort and role is step in many pre and post steps. Hence the notion of teamwork will prevail. * Every worker should be aware of not only his own task but also the tasks of all his coworkers to get the value of his own role and appreciate it so self esteem will prevail. * As for , the functional managers, especially, the manufacturing and sales managers should be aware of their critical position and try to be farsighted to the long run  objectives not only the short run. They should get rid of their personal interests and vision. They should cooperate and try to implement an overall objective. Done by Abdulla Talal Alsada BH05501669 SBI((FF))

Concept essays

Concept essays Explaining a Concept: Concept of the Invisible Hand in a Laissez-faire economy By preferring the support of domestic to that of foreign industry, he intends only his own security; and by directing that industry in such a manner as its produce may be of the greatest value, he intends only his own gain, and he is in this, as in many other cases, led by an invisible hand to promote an end which was no part of it. Adam Smith, Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations 1776. What business does a government have in commerce and trade? Why would a government want to interfere between two countries benefiting from each other by trade? What right does the government have in two individuals wanting each others products or services? According to some, commerce and trade should be permitted to operate free of controls of any kind; there should be no tariffs or other barriers. This is where the term laissez-faire is introduced. Its direct translation in French, leave alone to do, is self-explanatory. A strong believer in this type of economics is Adam Smith, both a philosopher and an economist. Born on 1723 in Kirkcaldy, Fife, he studied at Oxford, and became a professor of logic at Glasgow (1751), but took up the chair of moral philosophy the following year. In 1776, he moved to London, where he published An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations (1776), the first major work of political economy. This examined in detail the consequences of economic freedom, such as division of labor, the function of markets, and the international implications of a laissez-faire economy. Adam Smith is most remembered today for his explanation of our market system. A majority of people saw confusion when they observed economic activity in England during the middle of the 18th century. They saw everyone doing whatever they pleased and deemed necessary. Busine ...

Michelangelo, from Renaissance to Mannerism Essay - 1

Michelangelo, from Renaissance to Mannerism - Essay Example (Cheney, 47) Michelangelo’s ceiling in the Sistine Chapel, is an example of Italian High Renaissance. Other examples include Leonardo’s Last Supper, and Raphael’s School of Athens. The Last Judgment, was a paradigm of Mannerism as seen in the elongation of the figures and distortions of proportion. This is in contrast to his Florentine figures of Bacchus, David, and Doni Madonna which are formed in Gothic fashion. (Cheney, 54) Michelangelo was born in 1475 in a wealthy family near Florence. (Matthews and Platt,73) At the age of 13, he developed an extraordinary talent in drawing, and by his 14th birthday he was placed as an apprentice in the workshop of Domenico Ghirlandaio.(Matthews and Platt, 73) It was in Ghirlandaios workshop that Michelangelo learned the fundamentals of fresco painting. Michelangelo’s ceiling in the Sistine chapel, is an example of Italian High Renaissance. Other examples include Leonardo’s Last Supper, and Raphael’s School of Athens. The style known as Mannerism was predominant Italy, France, Netherlands, Germany and Spain between 1530 and 1600. Michelangelo is the representative of Mannerism, who stated that foreshortening is among the most difficult in the art of painting. The Mannerist had to free himself from the realities of this earth like a visionary and soar into higher spiritual spheres. To be a Mannerist, one had to be an eccentric, withstand ingenious mental experiments, subordinate himself to the dominion of the intellect instead of natural intuition, enjoy toying with incongruous ideas, place the artificial before normality, be receptive to the theoretical side and be enthusiastic and delight in the reckless distortion of his materials. The traditionally-minded artists stayed on the Renaissance artistic scope. (Cheney, 56) The father and creator of the Mannerist movement was Michelangelo. The special groups of artists who copied the maniera di Michelangelo in the sixteenth century were known as

Foreign Policy Issues Faced by UK Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Foreign Policy Issues Faced by UK - Essay Example The three issues of international concern to the U.K. are discussed in greater depth below. Discussion The United Kingdom has been in the forefront of international news lately and these three foreign policy issues are the fight against terrorism, the economic crisis in Europe and the on-going war in Libya of which Great Britain and France took the lead roles for all NATO members in cooperation with the United States of America. The three international issues are important to the United Kingdom because it is leading member of the European Union as well as a major player in the international arena of politics, economy and the oil industry. On the whole, an evaluation of the newspaper's approach to presenting the news will show it tries to present a balanced view of the news, without any sensationalism, slant or any personal opinion either of the reporter or the newspaper's news editors. This is as it should be as the task of any newspaper is to inform its readers and any views on the news should always be properly relegated to the opinion-editorial page (op-ed section). If ever, the personal views of the reporter are largely muted or very subtle an ordinary reader would hardly notice it. The fight against Islamist terrorism is of great interest to the United Kingdom. It is a primary concern to the country as it itself had once been a victim of these terrorists attacks. It was not too long ago when four suicide bombers detonated themselves in a well-coordinated attack by riding on London's trains and set off the bombs back in July 07, 2005 that targeted civilian train passengers. The four bombers declared themselves as jihadists and had links to the terror network of Al Qaeda. The recent successes of the American's anti-terrorism efforts should be of good cheer to the English people as well because it implies a safer environment for every British citizen. The killing of Osama bin Laden in Pakistan back in May this year is a great victory against international ter rorism. The recent news about the assassination of Mr. Anwar al-Awlaki in Yemen should be reason enough for a celebration (Hider 1) as this guy in a way had assumed the ideological leadership of Al Qaeda after Osama bin Laden was killed. The Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) of the United States which is the lead agency tasked to fight terrorism overseas had targeted him despite Mr. Awlaki being an American citizen. He is a native American of sorts, having been born in New Mexico but he took up jihad (Dozier and Apuzzo 1) and was responsible for several failed bombing attempts using airplanes also. The second news item of international significance for the United Kingdom is the on-going financial and economic crisis in Europe caused by the risk of default by Greece. The country is one of the strongest economies in Europe, besides Germany and France, It is only expected that it will also play a leading role in resolving this latest debt crisis by contributing to a bailout fund and st amping a seal of approval for any loans to be given out to Greece. But is it also in a quandary of sorts, as the country itself has not yet fully recovered from an earlier financial crisis brought about by the bursting of the American housing sub-mortgage bubble in 2007 and is also suffering from a large budget deficit that has necessitated big cutbacks. Great Britain had seemed headed for a mild economic recovery just six months ago but the situation today has completely deteriorated due

Planning and evaluation Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Planning and evaluation - Assignment Example In order to evaluate the performance or effectiveness of the service, it is crucial consider the indicators of the service. Trivalent influenza vaccination, for instance, is one of the common types of vaccinations in Australia. The immunization helps to protect young children from respiratory viruses and untreatable infections. In order to monitor immunization effectiveness, an examination into the delivery and consumption of the vaccine is conducted by the relevant agencies. The aim of such examination is to determine the effective modalities of delivering the service to the population. In this perspective, the component of that helps in evaluation and monitoring and evaluation vital for the proper determination of the effectiveness of a service. Immunization is regarded as one of the basic methods of disease prevention. From childhood, an individual’s immune system is fortified from attack by the use of immunogens. As a preventive method, the evaluation of the effectiveness of immunization is quite difficult. Reason being; the performance of the process is based on the occurrence of the condition that it is supposed to protect. However, the delivery and consumption can be measured and evaluated. This paper gives a plan on the evaluation process that will be used in gaging the effectiveness of the immunization process The evaluation will cover the public immunization of infants specifically. At a more specific level, the effectiveness of trivalent influenza vaccination will be the focus of the evaluation. To determine the status of the vaccination, parents will take a questionnaire that will indicate the status of the vaccination of the child and the schedule of vaccination. Because the subjects of this research are infants, the investigation will be carried out at two levels. First, the prevalence of the diseases that can be

Discussion question Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 8

Discussion question - Assignment Example For instance, integrity is very critical in a workplace environment. Being honest as well as doing the right thing when it is required plays a significant role in the general performance of the organization. Integrity improves the performance of organizations since employees are trusted in the utilization of resources, and more importantly, supervision may not be necessary (Daft, 2013). To ensure that organizations are effective in terms of resource utilization, performance as well as productivity, it is decisive to make employees aware of their responsibilities. When employees are aware of their responsibilities accountability is enhanced. Accountability is a very critical element in organizations. How well resources are utilized in an organization is determined by how well an organization has laid its accountability structures. Organizations are required to take various steps to make employees aware of their responsibilities including developing of employees’ handbook. During induction, employees are required to be provided with an employee handbook. An employee’s handbook contains all the guidelines of the job including their various duties and responsibilities. An employee handbook will keep every employee accountable to every duty they are delegated to undertake (Daft, 2013). Additionally, organizations may be required to offer frequent reviews of the employee’s duties and responsibilities. These reviews can be done through seminars, workshops or internal meetings with individual employees. Review will act as a way of showing employees how critical their responsibilities are to the overall performance of the organization (Daft,

Globalization and International Security

Globalization and International Security This research paper discusses the issues of globalization and international security in their interdependency and interrelation. Challenges and obstacles of the efficient international security policy are considered. Globalization and international security are two directly proportional notions: the quicker is globalization, the stricter is international security. Introduction International security is nowadays closely connected with the notion of globalization. These two concepts seem to be the basic in todays political and economic situation. Thus, to start with, we should identify the notion of the international security. International security is the set of measures performed by countries and various international organizations aimed at the provision of the mutual safety in the world politics. This set of measures involves the implementation of both military actions and diplomatic treaties and agreements. Both types of security national and international are closely connected. As far as globalization offers its ways to ever-growing interaction of people and nations in almost all aspects of the human activities, as well as greater proliferation of cultures, political, economic and social activities, this results in greater rejection. This happens because of the discrepancies in some major points such as religion, for instance, or property issues. The brightest example of the globalization influence on international challenges is terrorist attacks, particularly on September 11, 2001, because these were the first, and they entailed the complete reorganization of global vision of the international security issue. We may state that these attacks were conditioned by the effects of increasing political globalization striving of the US to get the control over Iraq and improve its position as the world leader and power controlling all aspects of the world political order. Therefore, the present paper discusses the issue of the impact the globalization has on the international security and challenges posed by this influence. As far as globalization is rather broad and general term, we will use more specific aspects of globalization such as terrorism and struggle with it, international security in the countries of the Asia-Pacific region resulting from the dramatic economic growth of this region, and other challenges of globalization as associated with the necessity to improve the international security of these countries. General discussion International security and globalization Starting from the end of the twentieth century and continuing in the twenty first century, the globalization of different issues has provided both positive and negative effects. The positive effects of globalization imply closer and thus more effective cooperation of nations on various issues. These involve the sphere of political, cultural, economic cooperation. However, the same issues may have negative effects because in such way the collision of different views happens and this results in the conflict, as we can see on the example of the terrorist attacks of 9/11 different views on the same question who will rule have predetermined the outcome of the conflict: dramatic and terrifying event, which made nations shudder in anticipation of the same threat. Thus, for the most part the growth of terrorist attacks resulted in the desire of nations improve their international security. This may be accomplished in a number of ways: either through military actions, as it has been alread y mentioned, but this method is too radical, or through agreements, treaties and participation in international security programs or associations. Despite the fact that since the ending of the Cold War, which happened more than decade ago, there was an anticipation of the dramatic improvement in the sphere of international and national security. However, these hopes have failed, for new challenges have replaced the threat of nuclear weapon and civilization destruction. New challenges and issues of international security posed by the globalization include terrorism, various forms of extremism, separatism, growth of the crime rates, corruption, weapons of the mass destruction, regional conflicts, ecological catastrophes etc. Despite the fact that these challenges existed previously, in the globalization era they have achieved another sounding, because the world became much more mutually dependent and interconnected than earlier. Therefore, these challenges have begun to obtain a universal character rapidly, thus posing a threat to both national and international stability and security. The lives of many people of different nations have become influenced by these issues and challenges posed to the regional and international communities, and this influences continues its growth. As foreign minister of Russia Igor Ivanov stated, Proof of this is the wave of terrorist acts, unprecedented in scale and cruelty that has rolled from New York to the Island of Bali and Moscow (Ivanov, 2003). The key issue nowadays is not even the disclosure of the spheres where globalization has threatened the security of states and their citizens, but rather that far more interesting nowadays question of the way the effects of international insecurity may be challenged. Besides, it should be defined, why there are so much threats confronting humanity at the beginning of the twenty first century, and what measures can be taken in order to prevent or neutralize the ever-increasing number of new challenges to the peace and international threats. Globalization has become the greatest and the most influential constructor of the new international security picture. Its influence on the development and facilitation of the relations between nations in this basic sphere is considered to be rather contradictory. Thus, on the one part, globalization furthers rapid advancement of technological and scientific progress and facilitates ever-increasing communication among nations. Thus, if we look at the issue more closely, we will see that globalization to great extent assists humanity in provision of the potentiality for improvement of the quality of the international security and brings it to another level of development. It is due to the mutual dependence between nations in almost all spheres of the political, economic, social order, that helps to develop absolutely novel political approaches targeting the creation of the democratic multiparty organizations of controlling the international system of security and in such way targeting the reliable solution of the security problems. Nevertheless, the process of globalization has negative meaning, which is expressed through the intensification of the old challenges of international security with the simultaneous raising of new challenges and dangers. The part of outer factors in the evolution of nations and countries is increasing crucially. Due to the discrepancies in the economic and financial power, the interrelation and mutual dependency between nations becomes ever more unstable and disbalanced. Despite the fact that a minor group of leading industrialized countries almost obviously plays the part of the grounds for globalization, the rest of the countries stays aside of the financial economic advancements. As a consequence, the differences of economic and social advancement of the world grow intensively. According to Ivanov, the world economy may nowadays be separated into two types of zones: zones of growth and stagnation. Therefore, as Ivanov states, in 1998 ten leading states recipients of foreign investments accounted for 70 percent of their total amount, and countries with a low development level accounted for less than 7 percent (Ivanov, 2003). At the same time eminent politician claims that While in 1960 the incomes of the richest 20 percent of the worlds population exceeded those of the poorest 20 percent by 30 times, by 2002 that gap had trebled (Ivanov, 2003). All these problems: unemployment, low wages, social injustice, discrepancies in the realm of religion, culture, etc, contribute greatly to the issue of international security improvement. Certain steps have been already made in this direction, and they appear to be rather effective, but they will be discussed later in this paper. As for the mutual dependence of globalization and international security, we may state that we become the witnesses of the transference of negative globalization aspects to the countries of the Third World. The point is that it is harder for the Third World nations to defend themselves from the negative influence of globalization, but what is far easier to people living in developed countries is that they are protected to a certain extent with the economic and political power of their states. Consequently, the deceleration of globalization processes results in the breaches widening, which concerns the gaps in speed and direction of both economic and social advancement of whole regions of the world. It should be also mentioned that the very notion of the state power is changing in todays world. International security nowadays is provided with the help of not only military forces, as it has always been, but also with the help of the financial, economic, information and other resources which affect allies and opponents particularly comes to the foreground. There are certain factors which supposedly make it either easier or more complicated for countries to obtain access to the advantages of globalization, and which become ever more involved in the armory of security strategies. Thus, globalization and attempts to manipulate its processes are often used as tools of pressure in politics and economy. This peculiarity of the current state of affairs with international relations is emphasized in the UN report called The Impact of Civilization on Social Development. This report underlines that concern over globalization is partly due to the fact that the national policies of states are increasingly influenced by policies pursued outside their boundaries (UN report). Although this concerns national security policies, it is obvious that the international security policies are affected by the global politics and economy as well. As an example of such connection we can provide the example of the International Security Assistance Force although this mission was established by the UN Security Council, a lot of countries of the world responded the call for assistance. Thus, the United Nations Security Council has established ISAF International Security Assistance Force, which is the development and security mission in Afghanistan, led by NATO. The mission was established on December 20, 2001 (UNSCR) and involves approximately thirty five thousand people. The troops for this mission were contributed by thirty seven countries. The main target of International Security Assistance Force was to protect Kabul (Afghanistan) during the war in Afghanistan (started in 2001), and provide the security of the people from the Taliban, al Qaida. There are a lot of tools which are used to influence international security through the globalization processes. According to Ivanov, these tools of manipulation include the following: Investment and credit diplomacy, which benefits from the sharp need of developing nations in loans and investments of foreign capital. Information diplomacy, which targets the prevalence in the space of the world information; Political engineering, which implies the joint usage of different levers such as economic, political, and military ones for the construction of the required type of partners. In other words, states are ready to accept the conditions of the answer to both national and international challenges and issues posed from outside the boundaries of these states. In general, it should be particularly underlined that the process of new international processes started in the period after the Cold War ending, obtained to a great extent unchangeable and uncontrolled nature. Consequently, as it turns out, the situation has arisen which is filled with a great potential for the crisis outbreak, but which is simultaneously useless for the prevention or solution of international security issues collectively, meaning with the help of the whole world community. The deficiency of efficient mechanisms for control and monitoring of the actions and adapting the interests of a group of governments can be implemented as the pretence or evidential support of the statement that the purchase of weapons of mass destruction, even if its quantity is insignificant, becomes almost the only way to ensure security in international terms in todays unpredictable and unstable world. The risk and challenge of such situation is in the fact that threats to national and international security will exist until some serious measures are taken. Terrorism as the threat to international security One of the most crucial challenges the world community faces nowadays is the identification of the most sharply states problems of national and international security notions, which are often closely connected. The current attempts of the world community to fight these problems should be analyzed and the question should be answered as for the effectiveness of these attempts. As it has been already mentioned, the threat of the international terrorism nowadays is posed rather obviously and thus becomes the major threat to the security of the humanity. One of the most difficult things in fighting terrorism, according to Russian foreign minister Ivanov is that terrorists usually change their techniques and strategies of fighting for their aims, and they used to find ever new targets of their just retribution: The population of the major megalopolises on the planet and strategically important marine transportation of energy resources, computer systems that support the life of a modern state, the transportation, tourist and banking infrastructures of the world this is by no means a complete list of targets of attacks that have already happened and may happen in the future (Ivanov, 2003). The key reason for the current situation existence is that extremist leaders try to breed strife, and in such way manipulate others. The most awful thing is that usually this happens on the political level, and people dependant on the state or government suffer in such situation. Thus, terrorist leaders try to destabilize the current state of affairs in separate countries through the use of causing strife as a result of religious, cultural or national discord. Thus, they find weak sides and strike a blow influencing not those separate countries but the whole world community. The growth of international terrorism had entailed the necessity to cooperate in order to fight international terrorism. Thus, national programs aiming the interaction against terrorism were established within the frameworks of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization and the Commonwealth of Independent States (Ivanov, 2003). Their target is to put an obstacle on the way of the ever-spreading terrorism, particularly in Central Asia (Ivanov, 2003). Therefore, we should always remember that the protection of rights of every citizen is the direct concern of every country, that is why it is necessary to develop new more efficient programs aiming fight against terrorism and other threats to international security. The United Nations continue to claim its opinion as for the effective struggle with terrorism. According to the UN, this struggle should be supported essentially by the international law. This problem may be solved with the help of the UN, which has always taken great interest and participated in the affairs of terrorism protection, persecution of terrorists or terrorist loyal people, assistance to those people who have suffered from the extremist activity. International security in Asia-Pacific region Asia-Pacific region may be considered the developing one, because countries of this region traditionally have underdeveloped economies, and inexpressive politics but nowadays situation seem to have been changed. That is why it is rather unexpectedly for the world community to evidence the fact that Asia-Pacific region has become the center of the international security, in other words, the Asia-Pacific is currentlyhome to a wide range of attempts at international cooperation on security issues (Goh, Acharia, 2007). It has not been until the beginning of the 1990s that considerable developments and improvements in international issues resulted in the essential changes in the international security of Asia-Pacific region. The most important events which contributed greatly to the development of this region and brought about the transformations in the sphere of international security were the end of the Cold War and the vagueness of the situation with the American strategy as for East A sia. Besides, this resulted from the advancement of China on both political and economic arena due to its dramatic economic growth. It was exactly that economic growth that opened China to the world as the prospective country leading in terms of the economic growth and bringing changes at all levels of the development. Another reason for the change was the crisis of Asian economy in 1997, which damaged the region significantly and doubted the efficiency of the international institutions and the existence of the programs on international cooperation in the sphere of security provision. The activities of the terrorists in Southeast Asia, which have incurred from the terrorist attacks in the USA on September 11, 2001, contributed greatly to the change of the approach concerning national, international and local security. These examples of globalization require further research as for the conflict solving in Asia-Pacific countries. Great variety of approaches to international and national security was considered and thus they have changed significantly since the times of the Cold War. In 1994 the ASEAN (Association of Southeast Asian Nations) Regional Forum was established, and it was the peak of the new initiatives developing in the region at those times. As for the increase of international security between countries of the Asia-Pacific region, we should state that there is growing effort to provide the international security with the combined effort of ASEAN countries, Japan, South Korea and China. Besides, great number of organizations has appeared which has certain relation to the security, such as the APEC (Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation), the Shanghai Cooperation Organization and others. As a rule, these cooperative efforts concern the issue of confidence establishing between Asia-Pacific countries. However, because of the differing conditions of these organizations operation, a lot of such efforts suffer from the deficiency of the mutual cooperation and lack of competition as well. Within the framework of the international security there are a number of questions which will be answered in the present paper. They include the concern over the APEC, the main issues of which were extended and thus achieved both greater role and importance on the political scene. So, the reason that has facilitated this transformation in goals of the APEC was the struggle against terrorism after the infamous event of 11 September. The issue of the terrorism in the era of globalization as the key concern of the world community has been considered in this paper. However, first we should answer the question how do relate those two notions of globalization and terrorism, and what are their common points. Therefore, we should mention that globalization has different layers, such as for instance political, economic, cultural and many other; and as a rule globalization is considered as the ever-growing interconnection between people and whole nations as a result of the progress and technol ogical advancements in communication facilities, transport, information technologies etc. It can be hardly doubted that the development of the communications, IT and transport as well as closer interaction between nations, has contributed greatly to the necessity of the international cooperation and security improvement. The reasons for the greater international danger may be waited from the side of international trade and economy on the whole, as far as money and power are closely interlinked and for the most part they are the reason for the majority of conflicts. Among other factors influencing international security is the institutional adaptability as stated by Goh and Acharia, who claim that it is the presence of or the presence of institutional mechanisms that could be adapted to respond to new challenges; in this case, the APECs leaders Summit was one such institution that provided a ready forum for the discussion of pressing security concerns among the regions heads of state (Goh, Acharia, 2007). They consider ASEAN and ARF to be as well corresponding in order to adopt and accommodate the supplementary frameworks of international security. However, these actions are considered to be the misuse of powers. For example, Association of Southeast Asian Nations nowadays significantly changes its previous orientation to international issues of security to the transnational ones. ASEAN Regional Forum has also adopted the program of dealing with international terrorism. According to investigation, performed by Goh and Acharia, the current standards of national interaction differ in various institutions. Thus, the most developed standards are those suggested by ASEAN, while those of Asia-Pacific institutions which are under the threat, are the standards of noninterference. It should be also mentioned here that legalization of the institutions of the Asia-Pacific region has obtained the formalized character. For instance, we can mention the the dispute settlement mechanisms created under the ASEAN Free Trade Area (AFTA), new rules for managing forest in ASEAN countries, the Declaration of Conduct (admittedly a weaker example) in the South China Sea, and moves to deviate from the consensus principle in ASEAN and the ARF (Goh, Arachia, 2007). These steps may be considered as the formalized operations of the improved and intensified international security. International Security before 9/11 and after it Thus, the infamous events of 9/11 became the turning point in the history of the international security. The thing is that, according to Khan, the discourse and direction of the international security issues and globalization processes has been changed. First of all, it should be mentioned that before that turning point the prevalent issues of the politic and economic concerns of the global community were the issues which concerned the geoeconomy (Khan, 2001). The majority of summits and international associations and organizations were concerned with the only question of globalization and humanitarian problems. However, nowadays geopolitics and other security issues have come to the foreground and the post-Cold War organizations determine further course of events, or as Khan put it, old language and institutions of the cold war are shaping our thinking about global politics (Khan, 2001). Khan evidences, that in the sphere of politics it had been decided prior to 9/11 that democracy is the only best way to arrange the most beneficial politics. In the sphere of economy, the World Trade Organization has established its own standards and thus different countries tried to raise their standards in order to comply with the new ones established by WTO. As for the social aspect, multinational corporations, for the most part American ones, influenced greatly the world popular culture. Therefore, it was the terrorist attack of September 11, 2001, which changed everything. Globalization was accelerated, and this resulted in more or less free movement of capital, labor, technology and other material and immaterial resources across the boundaries of the countries. Thus, as far as globalization is the way to open all possible borders and make this flow across the borders free to the greatest extent, the main task of the international security, on the contrary, is to restrain this free flow and in such way secure and protect entrusted peoples and territories. Thus, one of the ideas after the terrorist attack that possessed political minds was the thought that to a certain extent this event was facilitated by the liberal policies of transactions across the borders. And as far as liberalism and democracy are interconnected notions, the position of democracy as the leading and the most appropriate political structure was undermined. The intensification of the international security thus implies the slowdown in the economy, because with harder control of the transactions the flow of capital will be slowed too. The most primitive but nonetheless still effective measures of international security are those which will prevent the free crossing of borders by terrorists: this includes stricter VISA provision, new regulations concerning border patrol and stricter policy of foreigners monitoring and control. On the governmental level national security is provided with the increase of international cooperation, which helps to ensure the legitimacy and reliability of information crossing the borders. Although this concerns national security first of all, in fact international security is also involved here, as far as nations cooperate with each other, exchange information and resources and this makes these countries vulnerable. That is why the efficient system of the international security monitoring is needed. As it has been already mentioned, the relation between globalization and international security is directly proportional, as far as it was globalization that facilitated the emerging of terrorists as the phenomenon of the world politics. However, globalization has been developing throughout many centuries, and nowadays it had just increased its pace. Of course, the most efficient measure of the security provision is at the same time the most radical and the most impossible to accomplish. The point is that it is absolutely impossible to close the borders and let each nation live without cooperation and interaction with other nations. It can be undoubtedly stated, that it is impossible to do. And Khan supports this idea stating that all advanced economies depend considerably on international trade 25% of US economy is dependent on international trade. The information technology sector in the US and increasingly in Europe now depends on technical expertise of global labor, particularly from India and China (Khan, 2001). Thus, complete separation and estrangement is impossible, and the only way to withstand the blow of terrorists is to intensify the international security policies and restrain the pace of globalization. Conclusion Consequently, in the present paper we have discussed the issues of the international security and the influence of globalization on the international security. As a result of the research, it became obvious that globalization and international security are closely connected. First of all this is true because they are directly proportional, i.e. with the acceleration of globalization the international security policies should be intensified. Despite the fact that for the most part the paper is dedicated to international security and related issues, in fact it is very difficult to differentiate the notions of national and international security, because again due to globalization these two concepts became mutually dependent and interrelated. Consequently, having discussed the abovementioned issues we may state that the impact of the globalization on the international security and challenges posed by this influence are rather various but in any case complicated. Using globalization as a general term, we have used more specific aspects of globalization such as terrorism and war against with it, international security in the nations of the Asia-Pacific region coming from the considerable economic growth of this region, and other challenges of globalization as connected with the necessity to improve the international security of these countries. As for the countries of Asia-Pacific region, their policies of international security has been developing and intensifying since the ending of the Cold War. ASEAN Regional Forum, ASEAN Free Trade Area, APEC and others are the decisions taken in response to the globalization advancement and international security improvement. Bibliography 1. Acharya, A. (2001). Constructing a Security Community in Southeast Asia. London: Routledge 2. Acharya, A. and E. Goh.(2007). Reassessing Security Cooperation in the Asia-Pacific: Competition, Congruence, and Transformation. The MIT Press 3. Blair, D. (2000). Security Communities the Way Ahead for Asia, InternationalHerald Tribune, April 21, 2000 4. Garofano, J. (2002). Power, Institutions, and the ASEAN Regional Forum: A Security Community for Asia? Asian Survey, 42 (3), 502-521. 5. Gilpin, R. (1987). The Political Economy of International Relations. Princeton: Princeton University Press 6. The Impact of Civilization on Social Development. (2004). UN report. 7. Ivanov, I. (2003). International Security in the era of globalization. Khatmandu: The Telegraph 8. Khan, M. (2001). Terrorism and globalization. Retrieved 19 Nov. 2007 from Glocal eye website: http://www.glocaleye.org/ 9. Maloney, S. M. (2005). Enduring The Freedom: A Rogue Historian In Afghanistan. Dulles: Potomac Books, Incorporated 10. Ruggie, J. G.. (1993). ed., Multilateralism Matters: The Theory and Praxis of an Institutional Form. New York: Columbia University Press 11. Tow, W. (2001). Asia-Pacific Strategic Relations: Seeking Convergent Security. New York: Cambridge University Press 12. Wesley, M. (2003). Mediating the Global Order: The Past and Future of Asia-Pacific Regional Organizations, in David Lovell, ed., Asia-Pacific Security: Policy Challenges Singapore: ISEAS

Free Will Vs. Fate In The Open :: essays research papers

The Open Boat, by Steven Crane, demonstrates fate vs. free will. In this story the characters are subject to contemplating how their fate is being determined, however free will cannot be dismissed as a contributor to their situation. The fine line between fate and free will, if it exists, is hard to define.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  There are many philosophical and religious debates between the concepts of free will and fate. Free will is based on a belief that our future is based on the decisions that we make today. Looking back over our life at where we are is a product of our past.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Another view that is commonly suggested is fate. Fate can be considered your destiny, what you are going to become. It is a predetermined future. The world can be looked at like it is a giant play and everyone is here to just act out their part and then die.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  There are many arguments that can be used to ratify both of these ideologies. A person being born into poverty in the middle city, in most cases, has certain limitations placed on his future. They will not have the same opportunities that many of have such as a good education, strong ethics and family upbringing. That a person is not able to decide his future, but it has already been chosen for him. The idea of free will can argue that “ in most cases';, in the above statement, is a key. There are people who have developed very successfully out of these urban areas to (1) accomplish great things and proving that a persons free will decides there future.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In The Open Boat naturalism comes into play as, once again, humans are shown insignificant to the forces of their world. As their first attempt at getting to shore fails they begin to feel they are not going to make it. They are asking why fate has allowed them to come so close before their lives are taken, “If i am going to be drowned - if I am going to be drowned - if I am going to be drowned, why, in the name of the seven mad gods who rule the sea was I allowed to come this far and contemplate the sand and the trees?'; (pg.131)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Was it their fate to be given the glimmer of freedom only to have it yanked away from them by the ultimate punishment of death?

Gender Bias Essay

The concept of equality is regarded as an inalienable human right that should be enjoyed by all individuals regardless of their gender, race, religion, and other differential factors (United Nations, 2009). However, it is clearly seen that this is not practiced in the society that exists today. Discrimination still persists and this is greatly exemplified by the inequality that is based on gender differences. It is undeniable that women are still placed in a disadvantageous or inferior position as compared with their male counterparts. There are indeed substantial changes that have taken place in the past that made the situation of women better than before. Nevertheless, it is still obvious that there are still many changes that should be made before women can achieve the real essence of equality that they rightfully deserve. The discriminatory practices against women can be rooted back in the early history of the world wherein philosophers are still trying to make sense in the world that human beings live in. Even in the past, women have already been seen as inferior to men and this is evidently proven in the development of language. According to Becky Michele Mulvaney, the author of the article entitled â€Å"Gender Differences in Communication: An Intercultural Experience,† gender is both an influence of and a product of communication. In line with this, she pointed out how the idea of gender is first learned by an individual through talking with other people. A person could see the difference between the language that is used by girls and is often characterized by qualifiers and fillers to soften their message. There are words that are acceptable if used by a boy but not by a girl. Moreover, famous philosophers also focused on the image of an active male that makes a female as mere a supporting character. This is exemplified by Plato who defined women as â€Å"lesser men† and Aristotle who said that women are â€Å"a deformity, a misbegotten male;† as well as St Thomas Aquinas who argues that women should not have been created by God (Mulvaney, 2004). In the same manner, discriminatory practices against women still continue up to this present time. The patriarchal influences of key personalities in history and the general perspective of the people before, that women are inferior to men established a societal thinking that further propagated this view. Despite the improvements in the status of women in the society, it is evident that they are still perceived as second class citizens. This is proven in the professional lives of women wherein there are still biases and discrimination practiced against them because of their gender. Even though there are women that are already working in industries that are previously dominated by males, there is still an observable discrepancy that shows that a large number of men are in the working force. Furthermore, women are also having difficulties climbing the professional ladder of success because they are not given a fair consideration because of their gender even if they have the same capabilities sometimes even better skills than their male contenders (Farough, 2005). Being the case, it can be said that the inequality experienced by women is often not in terms of their age, race, or religion even though these factors are often intertwined. The inequality that they have to go through especially in their jobs is brought about by the social construct that women are inferior to men. The society, the one that is responsible for creating this concept, should also be the one responsible to deconstruct the notion of gender inequality. In order to do so, it entails using approach that deals with the cooperation and collaboration of people regardless of their genders. The Feminist/Sociological approach entails that people should work toward deconstructing this gender bias especially the males, and should realize that there are more disadvantageous effects if this inequality persists as compared with the privilege that they get from it (Farough, n. d. ). Furthermore, gender inequality could also be addressed through the proper use of language and communication. People should realize that language and communication are also intercultural factors wherein diversity should be accepted because there of the inherent differences between males and females (Mulvaney, 2004). However, it should be remembered that these differences should not render one gender inferior than the other. References Farough, S. (2005). The Negative Consequences of Male Privilege. In Understanding and anaging Diversity: Readings, Cases, & Exercises. 3rd edition. (Chapter 21). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall. Mulvaney, B. M. (2004) Gender Differences in Communication: An Intercultural Experience. In International Communication: A Global Reader. (pp. 221-229). United States: SAGE Publications. United Nations. (2009). The Universal Declaration of Human Rights. Retrieved January 13, 2008, from http://www. un. org/Overview/rights. html.